Conditionals

🔵 ZERO CONDITIONAL

➤ Use: Things that are always true – facts, routines, laws of nature.

Structure:
If + present simple, present simple
You can also start with the main clause:
Present simple + if + present simple

✅ Examples:

• If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
• Water boils if you heat it to 100°C.
• If you don’t study, you fail the test.
• Unless you sleep enough, you feel tired.
• When you touch fire, it hurts.

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✍ Fill in the blanks:

Complete with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. If you __________ (mix) red and blue, you __________ (get) purple.
2. If people __________ (not drink) water, they __________ (die).
3. It __________ (be) dangerous if you __________ (not wear) a helmet.
4. Unless she __________ (exercise), she __________ (gain) weight.
5. When you __________ (press) this button, the machine __________ (stop).

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🔗 Match the halves:

A	B
1. If you skip breakfast,	a. it freezes.
2. If it’s cold enough,	b. you feel hungry later.
3. When water reaches 0°C,	c. she always gets a headache.
4. Unless she drinks coffee,	d. it turns into ice.
5. If you don’t sleep,	e. you feel tired.

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🟢 FIRST CONDITIONAL

➤ Use: Real future possibilities.

Structure:
If + present simple, will + base verb
Or:
Will + base verb + if + present simple

✅ Examples:

• If I study, I will pass the exam.
• I will pass the exam if I study.
• If he doesn’t arrive on time, we won’t wait.
• Unless it rains, we’ll go to the park.
• When she gets home, she’ll call me.

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✍ Fill in the blanks:

Use the correct form of the verb (present simple or will).

1. If you __________ (not hurry), we __________ (miss) the bus.
2. She __________ (be) angry if you __________ (forget) her birthday.
3. When they __________ (finish) dinner, they __________ (watch) a movie.
4. Unless he __________ (study), he __________ (fail).
5. If we __________ (get) tickets, we __________ (go) to the concert.

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🔗 Match the halves:

A	B
1. If you ask her,	a. you’ll be cold.
2. We’ll stay in	b. she’ll help you.
3. If I don’t wear a jacket,	c. if it rains.
4. Unless we book now,	d. we won’t get seats.
5. She’ll be happy	e. if you give her the news.

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🔴 SECOND CONDITIONAL

➤ Use: Unreal or imaginary situations in the present or future.

Structure:
If + past simple, would + base verb
Or:
Would + base verb + if + past simple

✅ Examples:

• If I had a million euros, I would buy a motorcycle.
• I would buy a motorcycle if I had a million euros.
• If she didn’t have a cat, she would get a dog.
• Unless I were tired, I would go out.
• When I had time, I’d travel more. (less common, poetic use)

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✍ Fill in the blanks:

Use the correct form: past simple or would + base verb.

1. If I __________ (be) rich, I __________ (travel) the world.
2. We __________ (play) football if the weather __________ (be) better.
3. If she __________ (know) French, she __________ (move) to Paris.
4. Unless he __________ (have) so many meetings, he __________ (come).
5. I __________ (help) you if I __________ (can).

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🔗 Match the halves:

A	B
1. If I were you,	a. I’d live in the mountains.
2. She wouldn’t eat meat	b. I’d tell the truth.
3. If we had a car,	c. we’d drive to the beach.
4. I wouldn’t worry	d. if she were vegetarian.
5. If I had more money,	e. about the test.